-+The+Nature+of+Matter

toc =Atoms and their makeup=

An atom is a basic unit of matter, surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is made up of protons (positively charged) and neutrons, which contain no charge.
 * Two or more atoms bonded with each other are called molecules.
 * The charge of an atom is determined by the of either positive or negative electrons and protons.
 * Atoms with a positive or negative charge are called ions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pV822HfqT44 =Elements vs. Compounds=



=Isotopes/Radioactive Isotopes=

=Ionic Bonds=
 * An ionic bond is formed when one or more electrons are transformed from one atom to another.
 * if an atom losses one electrons it becomes positively charged.
 * if an atom gains an electron it becomes negatively charged.

=Covalent Bonds and Molecules= DEFINITIONS chemical compounds- 2 or more elements chemically put together molecules-are the smallest unit of a compound WHAT IS A CHEMICAL BOND? Chemical bonds are forces holding atoms together. There are two types of chemical bonds... - Covalent - Ionic COVALENT BONDS covalent bonds are the sharing of 2 or more electrons between atoms. -single bond= 2 electrons -double bonds= 4 electrons -triple bonds= 6 electrons

The picture below is depicting 2 electrons being shared by 2 atoms. Therefore, this is a single bond!! media type="youtube" key="1wpDicW_MQQ?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

=van der waals forces= // It is important to remember that Van Der Waals forces are forces that exist between molecules of the // SAME // substance. //

· Van Der Waals forces are very weak
Definition: A weak attractive force between atoms or nonpolar molecules caused by a temporary change in dipole moment arising from a brief shift of orbital electrons to one side of one atom or molecule, creating a similar shift in adjacent atoms or molecules. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1jGeeSWhXY