-+Chemical+Reactions+and+Enzymes

toc =Chemical Reactions= A Chemical Reaction is when two or more compounds react (the Reactants) to produce the new result of the reaction. (Product) These chemical reactions come in many shapes and forms. There are different bonds including Ionic and Covalent Bonds. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Activation Energy is the energy needed to start a reaction. This can happen quickly or slowly. Example : 2H2 + O2 yields (->) 2H20

=Reactants vs. Products=

Reactants and Products in a chemical reaction are completely different. They are the two essential components to a chemical reaction.

//Reactants:// Reactants are two or more combinations of elements that form a chemical reaction of some kind. There are a few kinds of bonds called Covalent, Ionic, and others.

//Products//: The Products are the results of the Chemical Equation. This is like the part of a math equation that goes x//+x=__**2x**.__//

The Reactants and the products do not always share similar properties.

// ﻿An example of a chemical equation. //

media type="youtube" key="tULOnXXVr8g?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

// A Video about chemical reactions with the context of cooking. //

=Spontaneous vs. Non-spontaneous Reactions= Spontaneous reactions dont require energy, While Non-spontaneous Reactions require energy. If energy is released, the reaction occurs spontaneously. Nonspontaneous reactions don't produce free energy. When spontaneous reactions take place, it moves to a more stable energy state. A spontaneous process is capable of proceeding in a given direction, as written or described, without needing to be driven by an outside source of energy. The term is used to refer to macro processes in which entropy increases, such as a smell diffusing in a room, salt dissolving in water, and iron rusting.

From 00.45-1.18 on this link you can find a good example of the comparison of spontaneous vs non-spontaneous reactions.This is an example of spontaneous vs non-spontaneous in the youtube video. The spontaneous reaction is the bike going down the hill, because it moves without any energy getting put into it. The non-spontaneous example is the bike going uphill, because it requires energy to push its way up. []

=Activation Energy=

=Enzymes and Substrates=

=Factors that affect the activity of enzymes=

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Knowledge of basic enzyme kinetic theory is important in enzyme analysis in order both to understand the basic enzymatic mechanism and to select a method for enzyme analysis. The conditions selected to measure the activity of an enzyme would not be the same as those selected to measure the concentration of its substrate. Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed - temperature, pH,enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators. =====


 * pH- Enzymes function best at a pH of 7.4, and if the pH is too high or the enzyme is denatured and doesn't function anymore


 * Temperature- To a certain extent, the higher a temperature is the faster the enzymes works because the substrates are moving faster (an enzyme finding a substrate to bind to is the "slow step" of an enzyme catalizing a reaction) However, if the temperature is too high or low, the enzyme will be denatured and not function anymore.
 * other molecules

9 Video [] (Part 1) [] (Part 2) Time: 4:11 (totally)